KEWAJIBAN NEGARA PENGEKSPOR E- WASTE DALAM PASAL 9(2) BASEL CONVENTION SEBAGAI OBLIGATION OF RESULT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62281/f98mwr84Keywords:
Basel Convention, Kewajiban Internasional, Limbah Berbahaya, Obligation Of Result, Negara PengeksporAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji karakter hukum kewajiban yang dibebankan pada negara pengekspor dalam Pasal 9(2) Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. Ketentuan tersebut mewajibkan negara pengekspor untuk memastikan pengiriman kembali atau pembuangan limbah berbahaya secara ramah lingkungan dalam hal terjadi lalu lintas ilegal. Meskipun sebagian besar hukum lingkungan internasional dirumuskan sebagai obligations of conduct, yang menekankan pada kewajiban kehati-hatian. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Pasal 9(2) merupakan obligation of result. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, kajian ini membandingkan interpretasi tekstual Konvensi dengan yurisprudensi tentang tanggung jawab negara dan tipologi kewajiban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perumusan Pasal 9(2), travaux préparatoires Konvensi, serta praktik negara menegaskan adanya kewajiban ketat bagi negara pengekspor untuk mencapai hasil konkret: pengiriman kembali atau pembuangan limbah secara aman. Artikel ini menekankan signifikansi normatif dari kategorisasi ini, karena memperkuat mekanisme akuntabilitas dalam hukum lingkungan internasional dan mempersempit ruang bagi negara untuk menghindar dari tanggung jawab dengan alasan keterbatasan domestik.
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