PENERAPAN PRINSIP PEMBEDAAN DAN PROPORSIONALITAS DALAM PERANG SIBER: STUDI KASUS KONFLIK BERSENJATA RUSIA–UKRAINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62281/t0fgv245Keywords:
Perang Siber, Prinsip Pembedaan, Prinsip Proporsionalitas, Konflik Rusia–UkrainaAbstract
Perkembangan perang siber sebagai domain peperangan modern menghadirkan tantangan signifikan bagi kerangka Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan penerapan prinsip-prinsip fundamental HHI, khususnya prinsip pembedaan dan proporsionalitas. Dalam konteks operasi siber pada konflik bersenjata Rusia–Ukraina. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif), penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan studi kasus. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik unik perang siber, seperti sifat infrastruktur berfungsi ganda dan efek serangan yang berjenjang, secara fundamental mengaburkan batasan antara objek militer dan objek sipil. Hal ini menyebabkan kesulitan substansial dalam mengimplementasikan prinsip pembedaan secara efektif. Selain itu, kalkulasi proporsionalitas menjadi sangat kompleks karena sulitnya mengukur kerusakan non-fisik dan memprediksi dampak insidentil yang berlebihan terhadap penduduk sipil. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun HHI tetap berlaku, terdapat kesenjangan implementasi yang mendesak. Diperlukan klarifikasi dan penguatan kerangka hukum HHI agar tetap relevan dan mampu memberikan perlindungan efektif bagi warga sipil di era peperangan digital.
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